Description

General aspect and origins - Ziziphus mauritiana syn. Ziziphus insularis is also known as the Chinese apple, Indian jujube, desert jujube... This tree is probably native to a zone that includes Afghanistan, Australia (the Queensland area), China (Yunnan) and has spread to many dry subtropical and tropical areas in the world. It is a fast growing tree with a medium lifespan, that can quickly reach up to 10-40 ft (3 to 12 m) tall. It has a decidious to evergreen foliage, depending on the climate, and produces edible fruits that are called Chinese apples, Indian jujubes or simply jujubes.
Leaves - Depending on the climate, the foliage of the Chinese apple may be evergreen or decidious. (Especially in areas with dry seasons.) Leaves are slightly serrated, have strong veins and are dark-green and glossy on the upper side and pubescent and pale-green to grey-green on the lower side.
Flowers - Flowers of Ziziphus mauritiana are very small, yellow to yellow-green and appear in small clusters in the leaf axils.
Fruits - The Chinese apple is an edible fruit of variable shape and size. It is a drupe with the aspect of a small apple, being oval or round, and that can be 1-2.5 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long, depending on the variety. The flesh is white and crisp. When slightly underipe, this fruit is a bit juicy and has a pleasant aroma. When older, the flesh becomes slightly mealy. Finally, when overipe, the aroma of the fruit becomes slightly unpleasant.

This fruit is generally eaten raw, or cooked, dried, or transformed into sirups or liquors. The Chinese jujube contains a high level of sugar. It is generally about 17-19% of the total weight, but it can reach up to 30%, depending on the variety. This fruit also contains large amounts of vitamins A and C.

Culture

Ziziphus mauritiana is a tropical tree which is fitted for dry areas, but it can withstand slight frosts. A mature tree can withstand 26°F-28°F (-2°C to -3°C) but foliage will be damaged at 32°C.
Soil - This tree can withstand occasional drought or water-logging periods. It can also tolerate moderate salt levels.

Propagation

Ziziphus mauritiana is generally propagated by seeds, but best varieties can be propagated by cuttings or can be grafted.
Fruits contain a two-seeded stone.